2014: RM10.5 bilion2023: RM24.2 bilion
Which functions receive federal development spending?
Explore gross federal development expenditure by four official functions: social, economic, defence and security, and general administration. These are functional groups, not ministry names.
Official actual accounts · RM million
Gross development expenditure, not total government spendingRM96.1 bilion
Economic servicesRM57.2 bilion · 59.6%
Social servicesRM24.2 bilion · 25.2%
Defence and securityRM11.4 bilion · 11.8%
General administrationRM3.2 bilion · 3.4%
Share of selected year's gross development spending. Small differences may arise from rounding.
How the four functions have changed
2014–2023 · Nominal RM billion; all four mini-charts share the same scale.
2014: RM23.3 bilion2023: RM57.2 bilion
2014: RM4.3 bilion2023: RM11.4 bilion
2014: RM1.3 bilion2023: RM3.2 bilion
| Year | Social services | Economic services | Defence and security | General administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 10.5 | 23.3 | 4.3 | 1.3 |
| 2015 | 11.2 | 23.3 | 4.8 | 1.6 |
| 2016 | 10.4 | 25.1 | 4.8 | 1.6 |
| 2017 | 12.4 | 24.2 | 5.3 | 2.9 |
| 2018 | 12.9 | 36.1 | 4.9 | 2.2 |
| 2019 | 14.5 | 31.3 | 5.6 | 2.8 |
| 2020 | 13.8 | 28.7 | 5.8 | 3.0 |
| 2021 | 22.6 | 31.3 | 7.5 | 2.9 |
| 2022 | 21.1 | 39.1 | 8.2 | 3.1 |
| 2023 | 24.2 | 57.2 | 11.4 | 3.2 |
Table in RM billion. Select all years for the full history. Nominal trends are not inflation-adjusted.
What these numbers include and exclude
Social services are a development function, not the complete cost of schools, hospitals or welfare. Operating costs such as salaries, supplies and transfers are not allocated to the same functions in this dataset. These figures are not total education or health spending.
General administration also includes public services, statistics, Customs, the Inland Revenue Board and Foreign Affairs under JANM methodology. Gross development spending differs from net development spending after loan recoveries.
Figures are nominal and not inflation-adjusted. The official annual actual-account dataset currently ends in 2023; 2024–2026 budget estimates are not added to this chart.